RF ꯀꯣꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯞꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ: ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ꯫
ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ: ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ꯫
ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯔꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:
꯱.ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁ꯫
ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ 50Ω ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ 75Ω ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯀꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯆꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯤꯁꯃꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯑꯣ (VSWR) ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫
꯲.ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ꯫
ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, SMA ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ 18 GHzꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ 2.92 mm ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ 1.85 mmꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ 40 GHz ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯔ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
꯳.ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯁꯟ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯇꯔꯟ ꯂꯣꯁ꯫
Insertion loss measures the attenuation of signal energy as it passes through a connector, typically measured in decibels (dB). Low-loss designs rely on high-purity conductors and optimized insulation materials. Return loss reflects the℃of signal reflection. High return loss (e.g., >꯲꯰ ꯗꯤ.ꯕꯤ.)ꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯆꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫
꯴.ꯁꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯅꯦꯁ꯫
ꯀꯣꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯅꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯇꯣꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ꯫
ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ: ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ꯫
ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯔꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ:
꯱.ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯅꯦꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ꯫<5 mΩ) to reduce heat generation and signal attenuation. Contact pressure, plating material (such as gold, silver), and tolerances directly impact contact reliability.
꯲.ꯃꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ꯫
ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (N-ꯇꯥꯏꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯁ-ꯄꯨꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ (SMBꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ.
꯳.ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯌꯨꯔꯦꯁꯤ, ꯍꯥꯎꯖꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯂꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯂꯨꯖꯅꯤꯡ ꯐꯤꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ (O-ꯔꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯗꯥꯞꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ: ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ꯫
ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯣꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ, ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯂꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ:
꯱.ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ -55 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ +165 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯇꯔꯤ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)ꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯛꯠꯌꯨꯑꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫
꯲.ꯃꯣꯏꯁꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ꯫
ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ-ꯇꯨ-ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯁꯤꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
꯳.ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ (ꯁꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)ꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ
ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣ (ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ, ꯄꯥꯋꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)ꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯧ, ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ꯫ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯵ꯖꯤ, ꯁꯦꯇꯦꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯗ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.